A Water Treatment Plant (WTP) is a facility that processes raw water from natural sources (like rivers, lakes, or groundwater) through various stages (coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, disinfection) to remove contaminants, making it safe and clean for drinking, industrial, or other uses, ensuring public health and environmental protection.

Key Functions of a WTP:
  • Purification: Removes dirt, bacteria, viruses, chemicals, and heavy metals.
  • Safety: Prevents waterborne diseases like cholera and typhoid.
  • Supply: Provides clean water for homes, industries, and agriculture.
  • Environmental Protection: Treats wastewater before discharge.
Typical Treatment Stages:
  • Coagulation & Flocculation: Chemicals are added to clump small particles together.
  • Sedimentation: Clumps (floc) settle at the bottom.
  • Filtration: Water passes through filters (sand, gravel) to remove remaining particles.
  • Disinfection: Chlorine or other disinfectants kill remaining pathogens.